字节比较

对于大多数逆向工作而言,若要找到两个二进制文件的不同之处(比如哪些字节有变化),或是图形化地显示二者之间的差别,可以使用radiff2完成这些工作:

$ radiff2 -h

而在r2中,radiff2所提供的这些功能放在c命令下。

c ("compare"的缩写)类命令可以对不同源文件中的字节进行比较。该命令可接受多种格式的输入,然后与当前位置上的数据进行比较。

[0x00404888]> c?
Usage: c[?dfx] [argument]   # Compare
| c [string]               Compare a plain with escaped chars string
| c* [string]              Same as above, but printing r2 commands instead
| c1 [addr]                Compare 8 bits from current offset
| c2 [value]               Compare a word from a math expression
| c4 [value]               Compare a doubleword from a math expression
| c8 [value]               Compare a quadword from a math expression
| cat [file]               Show contents of file (see pwd, ls)
| cc [at]                  Compares in two hexdump columns of block size
| ccc [at]                 Same as above, but only showing different lines
| ccd [at]                 Compares in two disasm columns of block size
| ccdd [at]                Compares decompiler output (e cmd.pdc=pdg|pdd)
| cf [file]                Compare contents of file at current seek
| cg[?] [o] [file]         Graphdiff current file and [file]
| cu[?] [addr] @at         Compare memory hexdumps of $$ and dst in unified diff
| cud [addr] @at           Unified diff disasm from $$ and given address
| cv[1248] [hexpairs] @at  Compare 1,2,4,8-byte (silent return in $?)
| cV[1248] [addr] @at      Compare 1,2,4,8-byte address contents (silent, return in $?)
| cw[?] [us?] [...]        Compare memory watchers
| cx [hexpair]             Compare hexpair string (use '.' as nibble wildcard)
| cx* [hexpair]            Compare hexpair string (output r2 commands)
| cX [addr]                Like 'cc' but using hexdiff output
| cd [dir]                 chdir
| cl|cls|clear             Clear screen, (clear0 to goto 0, 0 only)

使用cx命令可以将当前位置上的内存数据与给定一串数据进行比较:

c中的一个子命令cc(代表"compare code")可将字节序列与内存中的序列进行比较:

若要比较两个函数则指定他们的名字:

c8 会将当前地址(底下的例子中是0x0)上的四个字与给定的表达式的计算结果相比较:

数字参数可以是合法的表达式(允许在其中使用flag名字等)

可以用下面的命令将当前块与之前dump下来的文件相比较:

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